Indian scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery about Mars’s magnetic field. Unlike Earth, Mars lacks a global magnetic field and instead has scattered crustal magnetic fields mainly in its southern hemisphere, between 30°S latitude and 120°E to 240°E longitude. This latest study by the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) reveals how these fields behave differently between day and night.
The study found that Mars’s crustal magnetic field is highly active during the day, particularly in the southern hemisphere, exerting a strong influence on the ionosphere. However, at night, this control diminishes, and the magnetic differences between Mars’s hemispheres vanish. This observation was consistent across all seasons and distances between Mars and the Sun, suggesting that the daytime effects of the magnetic fields are stable and unaffected by these factors.
Led by a team of Indian scientists, including C. Nayak, E. Yigit, B. Remya, J. Bulusu, S. Devanandhan, S. Singh, A.P. Dimri, and P. Padhye, the research utilized nearly eight years of data from NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) satellite. MAVEN, which has been orbiting Mars since 2014, provided critical measurements of electron density and magnetic fields around the planet, allowing scientists to understand how the crustal magnetic fields affect Mars’s ionosphere.
The research has significant implications for future human and robotic missions to Mars, offering valuable insights into the planet’s magnetic environment. Understanding the day-night variations of Mars’s magnetic field could help in planning safer and more efficient missions to the Red Planet. The findings were published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.
This discovery marks a crucial step in unraveling the mysteries of Mars and enhancing our knowledge of its magnetic environment, paving the way for future exploration.
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