India’s Declining Fertility Rate: Following South Korea’s Path?

Aakhir Tak – In Shorts

1. South Korea’s fertility rate dropped to a record-low 0.72 in 2023.
2. India’s fertility rate has declined from 6.18 in 1950 to 2.0 in 2023.
3. Leaders like Mohan Bhagwat advocate for higher birth rates to prevent demographic decline.
4. Economic pressures and social changes contribute to lower fertility in India.
5. Without intervention, India could face challenges similar to South Korea’s aging population crisis.

Aakhir Tak – In Depth

South Korea’s Fertility Crisis

South Korea’s fertility rate reached a historic low of 0.72 in 2023, far below the 2.1 replacement rate needed for population stability. This decline threatens economic growth and social structures.

Key Impacts:

• Workforce Shortage: Fewer young workers mean potential economic slowdown.
• Strain on Social Services: The aging population increases healthcare and pension demands.
• Cultural Shifts: Smaller families and fewer marriages are altering traditional family dynamics.

India’s Demographic Shift

India’s fertility rate has decreased from 6.18 in 1950 to around 2.0 in 2023. Projections suggest it could fall below 1.3 by 2050. This poses significant challenges for sustaining economic growth and social balance.

Contributing Factors:

• Economic Challenges: High living costs discourage larger families.
• Gender Inequality: Women balancing careers and family life tend to delay childbirth.
• Changing Priorities: Later marriages and changing attitudes towards family structures play a role.

Solutions for India

To avoid a demographic crisis:

• Economic Reforms: Strengthening social security and job creation is essential.
• Family Incentives: Policies like tax breaks and childcare support can encourage larger families.
• Promoting Equality: Shared responsibilities in child-rearing can support higher fertility rates.

Aakhir Tak – Key Takeaways to Remember

• India’s fertility decline mirrors global trends, notably South Korea’s crisis.
• Proactive policies can mitigate future economic and social challenges.
• Addressing economic pressures and gender equality is crucial for sustainable population growth.