Bangladesh has been embroiled in nationwide unrest due to a controversial quota system for government jobs. The Supreme Court recently scaled back these quotas after violent protests erupted, leading to the deaths of at least 133 people. This article delves into the developments, background, and implications of the recent Supreme Court ruling.
Background of the Quota System
The quota system in Bangladesh has been a contentious issue for years. Initially, it reserved more than half of all civil service positions for specific groups, including children of war veterans from the 1971 Liberation War. This policy aimed to honor the sacrifices made during the country’s fight for independence from Pakistan.
Supreme Court Ruling
On Sunday, Bangladesh’s Supreme Court ruled to reduce the quota system significantly. Attorney General AM Amin Uddin informed that the High Court’s reinstatement of a 30% quota was deemed illegal. The new ruling allocates 93% of government jobs based on merit, reserving 7% for relatives of 1971 war veterans and other designated categories.
Details of the Revised Quota System
- 5% Reserved for War Veterans’ Children: Under the new system, 5% of civil service positions are reserved for the children of those who fought in the 1971 independence war.
- 2% for Other Categories: An additional 2% is reserved for other designated categories, ensuring some level of affirmative action remains.
Protests and Curfew
The protests began on university campuses and quickly spread nationwide, resulting in deadly clashes between police and protesters. The government imposed a strict curfew to quell the unrest, which has been extended multiple times. The curfew briefly lifted on Saturday for essential errands but was reinstated before the Supreme Court hearing.
Government Response
- Curfew and Shoot-on-Sight Orders: The curfew, enforced nationwide, includes shoot-on-sight orders for violators, highlighting the severity of the government’s response.
- Educational Institutions Closed: All public and private educational institutions have been shut down indefinitely, disrupting the lives of many students, including those from neighboring India.
International Reactions and Safety Warnings
- West Bengal’s Support: West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee expressed solidarity, stating that her state would offer shelter to those in distress from Bangladesh.
- US Travel Warning: The US State Department has advised against travel to Bangladesh and is evacuating some diplomats and their families due to the civil unrest.
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s Stance
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s response has been polarizing. She compared the protesters to collaborators from the 1971 war, further inflaming tensions. Additionally, her government has imposed a communications blackout, blocking internet and social media access to curb the spread of unrest.
Evolution of the Protests
What began as a specific grievance about job quotas has transformed into a broader movement against Sheikh Hasina’s government, which has been in power since 2009. The current unrest marks some of the worst violence Bangladesh has experienced in over a decade.
The Supreme Court’s decision to adjust the controversial quota system aims to address the grievances of protesters. However, the ongoing unrest, severe government response, and international concerns highlight the complexity of the situation. The coming weeks will be crucial in determining whether peace can be restored and how the government navigates this turbulent period.
