Mpox vs Covid-19: Key Differences & Comparisons

With the global rise in Mpox cases, comparisons with Covid-19 are inevitable. While both are viral diseases that have caused significant public health concerns, they are distinct in many aspects. This article delves into the differences between Mpox and Covid-19, highlighting their unique causes, symptoms, transmission modes, and preventive measures.

Causes:
Mpox and Covid-19 are caused by different viruses. Mpox stems from the Orthopoxvirus genus, which includes the variola virus responsible for smallpox. This virus is a DNA virus with a double-stranded genome, leading to slower mutations. On the other hand, Covid-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a member of the coronavirus family, which is an RNA virus. RNA viruses have single-stranded genomes, making them prone to rapid mutations, which has led to the emergence of multiple variants during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Symptoms:
The symptoms of Mpox include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills, and exhaustion. A significant symptom is a rash that turns into fluid-filled blisters, typically starting on the face and spreading to other body parts. In contrast, Covid-19 symptoms vary widely, including fever, cough, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell. Covid-19 can also be asymptomatic.

Transmission:
Mpox primarily spreads through direct contact with an infected person or animal’s rash, scabs, or bodily fluids. It can also spread through respiratory droplets during close face-to-face contact or by touching contaminated objects. Covid-19 mainly spreads through respiratory droplets and aerosols when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.

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Incubation Period:
The incubation period for Mpox is typically 5 to 21 days, while Covid-19’s incubation period is generally 2 to 14 days.

Severity and Mortality:
Mpox generally has a lower mortality rate compared to smallpox, with most cases being mild and self-limiting. The mortality rate ranges from 1% to 10%, depending on the strain and region. Covid-19’s severity varies widely, from mild to severe pneumonia, and can lead to death, particularly in vulnerable populations. The mortality rate depends on factors like age, underlying health conditions, and healthcare access.

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Vaccination and Prevention:
The smallpox vaccine offers some protection against Mpox. Specific vaccines, such as JYNNEOS and ACAM2000, have been developed and are recommended in outbreak situations. Covid-19 prevention focuses on widespread vaccination, social distancing, and maintaining personal hygiene. Vaccines like Covishield, Covaxin, Novavax, Pfizer, and Moderna have been widely administered globally.

Conclusion:
Understanding the differences between Mpox and Covid-19 is crucial in addressing both public health threats effectively. While Covid-19 has shown a higher potential for widespread outbreaks due to its rapid mutation rate, Mpox’s slower evolution and more predictable nature make it a less formidable, albeit still significant, health challenge.

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